{"id":4570,"date":"2026-08-31T12:12:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T10:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.minesparis.psl.eu\/musee\/?page_id=4570"},"modified":"2026-09-03T13:44:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T11:44:17","slug":"canyon-diablo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.minesparis.psl.eu\/musee\/le-musee\/collections\/les-meteorites\/canyon-diablo\/","title":{"rendered":"Canyon Diablo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites Canyon Diablo au Mus\u00e9e<\/h2>\n

Le Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie comporte une collection historique de fragments de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite Canyon Diablo, dont le plus gros p\u00e8se 226,80 kg (total de tous les fragments = 266,5 kg). C’est l’ancien \u00e9l\u00e8ve Eckley Coxe qui, d\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte des fragments de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites \u00e0 Meteor Crater en Arizona en 1891, offre cet imposant fragment au mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie de l’Ecole des Mines de Paris. C’est sur ce fragment que Charles Friedel, conservateur du mus\u00e9e de l’\u00e9poque, confirma la pr\u00e9sence de minuscules diamants, form\u00e9s lors de l’impact de l’\u00e9norme m\u00e9t\u00e9orite avec la Terre. Pour se faire, il ordonna de faire scier une tranche, sur lequel il conduit ses exp\u00e9riences, dont il publiera les r\u00e9sultats en 1892. Cette tranche est \u00e9galement en exposition au Mus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Un autre superbe \u00e9chantillon de Canyon Diablo est la tranche de 35,5 kg achet\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la Fondation Egleston, de l’ancien \u00e9l\u00e8ve de l’Ecole des Mines Thomas Egleston, fondateur de l’Ecole des Mines de New York.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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L’imposant fragment de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo de la collection du Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris – PSL (ENSMP 10870, 48 x 37 x 35 cm, 226,80 kg). Ce fragment a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 par Eckley Coxe en 1892. \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Tranche \u00e9paisse d’un fragment de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo (ENSMP 1519; 42 x 29.5 x 5.5 cm; 35,5 kg), donn\u00e9e par T. Egleston (Fondation Egleston). \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Petite tranche de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo pr\u00e9lev\u00e9e sur le fragment de 226,80 kg. C’est sur cet \u00e9chantillon qu’ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts parmi les premiers diamants provenant de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, d\u00e8s 1892 (ENSMP 6024 ; 14.8 x 11.5 x 3.4 cm). \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Fragment entier de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo donn\u00e9e par Eckley Coxe en 1892 (ENSMP 24475 ; 10.5 x 9 x 4 cm ; 1.591 kg). \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fragment entier de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo (ENSMP 24336 ; 13.6 x 11 x 4.5 cm ; 874 g).\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fragment entier de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo (ENSMP 24339 ; 2.9 x 1.9 x 1.4 cm ; 10.17 g). \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Fragment entier de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo (ENSMP 76750 ; 5 x 2.5 x 1.4 cm ; 19.41 g). \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fragment entier de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo (ENSMP 76756 ; 2.9 x 2.6 x 0.7 cm ; 10.08 g). \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fragment sci\u00e9 de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Canyon Diablo donn\u00e9 par E. Coxe en 1891 (ENSMP 24323 ; 3.1 x 3 x 0.9 cm ; 28.81 g).\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Meteor Crater<\/h2>\n

Le crat\u00e8re g\u00e9ant de Canyon Diablo<\/b>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’objet de nombreux d\u00e9bats. Les scientifiques ont longtemps pens\u00e9 que ce crat\u00e8re \u00e9tait le fait d’un volcan \u00e9teint. Pourtant, aucune roche volcanique n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e, m\u00eame si certaines roches pouvaient y ressembler. Ce n’est qu’en 1950 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude de Eugene Shoemaker qu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que ce crat\u00e8re avait pour origine la chute d’une importante m\u00e9t\u00e9orite. Nous savons \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent que cette chute de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite s’est produite il y a environ 50.000 ans, produisant un\u00a0crat\u00e8re de 1,3 km de diam\u00e8tre sur 175 m de profondeur<\/b>. La violence de l’impact correspond \u00e0 une \u00e9nergie d\u00e9gag\u00e9e\u00a0comparable \u00e0 1700 kilotonnes de TNT, soit 133 bombes d’Hiroshima<\/b>\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Les roches terrestres affect\u00e9es par l’impact ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9es, certaines ressemblant \u00e0 des br\u00e8ches qui sont parfois retrouv\u00e9es \u00e0 l’aplomb de volcans, d’o\u00f9 la confusion originelle des scientifiques.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Meteor Crater, Arizona, USA. Creative Commons\u00a0Attribution 3.0 Non Transpos\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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D\u00e9tail du fragment de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de 226,8 kg (ENSMP 10870), montrant des figures de Widmanst\u00e4tten. \u00a0\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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De nombreuses m\u00e9t\u00e9orites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es sur les plaines aux alentours du crat\u00e8re. Ces m\u00e9t\u00e9orites sont des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites de fer (diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es), et montrent d’incroyables lamelles entrecrois\u00e9es (\u201cFigures de Widmanst\u00e4tten\u201d) apr\u00e8s une attaque \u00e0 l’acide (voir photo ci-contre).<\/p>\n

C’est sur le fragment de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de 226,80 kg pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie que Friedel confirma la pr\u00e9sence de\u00a0minuscules diamants<\/b>, form\u00e9s lors de l’impact. Pour se faire, il ordonna de faire scier une tranche, sur lequel il conduit ses exp\u00e9riences, dont il publiera les r\u00e9sultats en 1892.\u00a0Cette tranche est \u00e9galement en exposition au Mus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Les fragments de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites de Canyon Diablo ont \u00e9galement fait parties de nombreuses \u00e9tudes qui ont\u00a0permis\u00a0de d\u00e9terminer l’\u00e2ge de la Terre \u00e0 environ 4,55 milliard d’ann\u00e9es<\/b>, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des analyses isotopiques Uranium-Plomb par Clair Cameron Patterson en 1956.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":1055,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4570","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCanyon Diablo - Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.minesparis.psl.eu\/musee\/le-musee\/collections\/les-meteorites\/canyon-diablo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Canyon Diablo - 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