{"id":4502,"date":"2026-08-31T11:30:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T09:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.minesparis.psl.eu\/musee\/?page_id=4502"},"modified":"2026-09-03T13:45:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T11:45:57","slug":"meteorites-martiennes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.minesparis.psl.eu\/musee\/le-musee\/collections\/les-meteorites\/meteorites-martiennes\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orites martiennes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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M\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne NWA 8656<\/h2>\n

La m\u00e9t\u00e9orite NWA 8656, tout comme la NWA 8657 qui est un autre fragment de la m\u00eame m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne, a \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0d\u00e9couverte dans le Sahara Occidental en 2014 par des nomades<\/b>. Ces nomades connaissent tr\u00e8s bien ces terrains, aux sols clairs d\u00e9nud\u00e9s de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, qu’ils prospectent en groupe \u00e0 la recherche de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites depuis des ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne NWA 8656 est une d\u00e9couverte de multiples pierres pour un poids total de plus de 1600 grammes<\/b>. Ces m\u00e9t\u00e9orites martiennes ont perdu la plupart de leur cro\u00fbte de fusion, apr\u00e8s leur long s\u00e9jour dans le d\u00e9sert, expos\u00e9es au vent de sable terriblement abrasif.<\/p>\n

A la coupe, l’int\u00e9rieur est grenu, gris verd\u00e2tre, la maskelynite bien visible sous la forme de grains translucides est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sente, on observe aussi ainsi des poches et des veines sombres de verre de fusion qui sont le r\u00e9sultat d’impacts sur la plan\u00e8te Mars et probablement\u00a0lors de l’impact qui a \u00e9ject\u00e9 cette roche de la surface de Mars<\/b>. La NWA 8656 est une m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne<\/a> du groupe des\u00a0shergottites<\/b> avec une texture dite diabasique. La roche est principalement constitu\u00e9e de cristaux de clinopyrox\u00e8nes et de maskelynite (plagioclases choqu\u00e9s). L’origine martienne de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par l’analyse des isotopes de l’oxyg\u00e8ne ainsi que par le rapport fer sur mangan\u00e8se (Fe\/Mn).<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Partie externe (cro\u00fbte de fusion) de la tranche de 9,88g de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne NWA 8656, donn\u00e9e par ABC Mines (ENSMP 83439 ; 2.9 x 2.6 x 1.3 cm).\u00a0\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Partie interne (sci\u00e9e) de la tranche de 9,88g de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne NWA 8656, donn\u00e9e par ABC Mines (ENSMP 83439 ; 2.9 x 2.6 x 1.3 cm).\u00a0\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Tranche de 1,18g de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne NWA 8656, d\u00e9couverte dans le d\u00e9sert du Sahara, donn\u00e9e par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Labenne M\u00e9t\u00e9orites (ENSMP 83440 ; 1.8 x 1.1 x 0.2 cm).\u00a0\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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M\u00e9t\u00e9orites martiennes NWA 6963 et NWA 8716<\/h2>\n

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Pour compl\u00e9ter la collection de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites martiennes de type shergottite,\u00a0le chasseur de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite Edwin Thompson a donn\u00e9 deux \u00e9chantillons<\/b>\u00a0: les shergottites NWA 8716 (appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Jrifiyaa\u00a0\u00bb) et NWA 6963. La m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne NWA 6963 est un fragment naturel, montrant \u00e0 la fois la cro\u00fbte et l’int\u00e9rieur vert de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite. La tranche spectaculaire de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite shergottite \u00ab\u00a0Jrifiyaa\u00a0\u00bb montre de larges cristaux d’olivine zon\u00e9e dans une fine matrice verte.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Shergottite NWA 6963, avec sa cro\u00fbte de fusion de fusion fine (ENSMP 83541, 2,2 x 1,7 x 1,2 cm; 6,1 g). L’int\u00e9rieur est vert et compos\u00e9 d’abondantes veines de chocs et de maskelynite, tandis que la cro\u00fbte de fusion est mince. Cette m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte en 2011 par un chasseur de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites marocain pr\u00e8s de l’Oued Touflit, qui est devenu un endroit populaire pour la chasse aux m\u00e9t\u00e9orites. Cette m\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9e par Edwin Thompson.\u00a0\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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M\u00e9t\u00e9orite martienne \u00ab\u00a0Jrifiya\u00a0\u00bb, donn\u00e9e par Edwin Thompson (NWA 8716, ENSMP 83491, 1,9 x 1,4 x 0,1 cm, 1,16 g). Cette shergottite montre des cristaux d’olivine avec un coeur riche en fer avec des bords plus fonc\u00e9s riches en magn\u00e9sium, dans une matrice fine de pyrox\u00e8ne, maskelynite, chromite, troilite. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9sert du Sahara en 2014.\u00a0\u00a9 Mus\u00e9e de Min\u00e9ralogie Mines Paris \u2013 PSL \/ E. Gaillou.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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